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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
Time: 12:43 am
Time: 12:43 am
Results for intelligence-led policing
9 results foundAuthor: Braga, Anthony A. Title: Moving the Work of Criminal Investigators Towards Crime Control Summary: This paper points out the challenges to police executives in moving the work of criminal investigators towards a more active role in crime control. The paper provides research on the effectiveness of criminal investigators, the problem-oriented approach to crime control, and intelligence-led policing. The authors suggest ways to allocate proactive and problem-solving work between criminal investigators and patrol officers. The paper concludes with examples by the authors of moving the work of criminal investigators at the Milwaukee Police Department, the New York Police Department, the Victoria Details: Washington, DC: U.S. National Institute of Justice; Cambridge, MA: Harvard Kennedy School Program in Criminal Justice Policy and Management, 2011. 38p. Source: Internet Resource: New Perspectives in Policing: Accessed March 17, 2011 at: http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/pubs-sum/232994.htm Year: 2011 Country: International URL: http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/pubs-sum/232994.htm Shelf Number: 121046 Keywords: Criminal InvestigationIntelligence-Led PolicingProblem-Oriented PolicingProblem-Solving |
Author: Wade, Cheryl L. Title: The California Law Enforcement Community’s Intelligence-Led Policing Capacity Summary: Hindsight gives the nation much clarity regarding the cause of the failure to prevent the tragic events of 9/11. Calls for reform challenge the intelligence community, and law enforcement in general, to create the collaborative capacity to connect the dots, dare to imagine, and become accustomed to expecting the unexpected. Throughout the various reformation efforts over the last nine years, one central theme endures: the ability to share intelligence across interagency and intergovernmental barriers is imperative. The inextricable link between foreign and domestic intelligence demands that changes be made to smooth the continuum of efforts from public safety, to homeland security, to national security. If the quality of intelligence in this continuum is directly related to the depth and breadth of information available, then the participating agencies must be fully networked. Such a network is one way to transform the unknowingly relevant into potentially actionable intelligence. How else can domestic events be understood in an international context (or vice versa)? Details: Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. 103p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed September 19, 2011 at: http://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=11524 Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=11524 Shelf Number: 122782 Keywords: Community-Oriented PolicingCrime AnalysisCriminal IntelligenceIntelligence AnalysisIntelligence-Led Policing |
Author: Mallory, Stephen L. Title: The concept of asymmetrical policing Summary: This paper examines the intelligence process and the strategies of problem-oriented policing, community policing, broken windows theory and Compstat. Each of these strategies requires more than just information. They require collection and dissemination of intelligence products and adjustments to meet the needs of different department and agencies. The research suggests that there is a lack of understanding by many police officers in the United States of the intelligence process and the value of analytical products to policing. There is a recognized need for training of police in the U.S. to achieve identification and understanding of crime, the trends and threats, and the nature and extent of the law enforcement response by employing critical thinking, or what is termed the intelligence process and intelligence-led policing. The paper introduces a new concept, asymmetrical policing, which is a response to the asymmetrical threats encountered by modern policing and the application of a variety of evolving strategies to modern policing. Details: International Police Executive Symposium, 2007. 21p. Source: IPES Working Paper No. 12: Internet Resource: Accessed on January 31, 2012 at http://www.ipes.info/wps/WPS%20No%2012.pdf Year: 2007 Country: International URL: http://www.ipes.info/wps/WPS%20No%2012.pdf Shelf Number: 123884 Keywords: Intelligence GatheringIntelligence-Led PolicingPolice InvestigationPolice Training |
Author: CLEEN Foundation Title: Operationalizing Intelligence-Led Policing in Nigeria Summary: Law enforcement agencies in various parts of the world are currently witnessing serious challenges from organized crimes, insurgencies and terrorism. In Nigeria, the crime situation is worrisome because every geo-political zone is witnessing various types of violent crimes and conflicts. In the South-South Zone, armed robbery, kidnapping, sabotage of petroleum production facilities by militant youths led by the Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) are prevalent. The South East and South West are noted for organized crimes including drug and human trafficking, armed robbery/banditry, kidnapping/ hostage-taking, pipeline vandalism, arms trafficking etc. Cutting across the three northern geo-political zones are the destabilizing issues of indigene/ settler internecine conflicts, ethno-religious conflicts and religious insurgency led by a group known as Jamâ’atu Ahlis Sunnah Lâdda’awatih wal-Jihad (popularly referred to as Boko Haram). The phenomenon of crime is so prevalent that almost everyone in Nigeria knows somebody who has been robbed or even killed in the most gruesome circumstances, in spite of unceasing war on crime waged by the nation’s police and security agencies. These challenges indicate that security personnel are yet to meet the expectations for quality services delivery particularly in preventing terror attacks and the activities of extremists, as well as being more pragmatic and innovative in response to numerous challenges posed by this problem to public safety and security in Nigeria. The 6th edition of the Policing Executive Forum was driven by these identified gaps within the polity and hence the theme “Operationalizing Intelligence-led policing in Nigeria”. Its overriding aim was to initiate discourse aimed at operationalizing Intelligence led Policing in Nigeria. Intelligence-led Policing as a concept extends beyond the institution of the Nigeria Police Force and embraces all security agencies involved in general provision of public safety and security. It is a process for systematically collecting, organizing, analyzing, and utilizing intelligence to guide law enforcement operations. Details: Lagos, Nigeria: CLEEN Foundation, 2012. 65p. Source: Internet Resource: Monograph Series. No 17; Accessed April 18, 2013 at: http://www.cleen.org/Operationalizing%20Intelligence%20led-policing%20in%20Nigeria.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Nigeria URL: http://www.cleen.org/Operationalizing%20Intelligence%20led-policing%20in%20Nigeria.pdf Shelf Number: 128403 Keywords: Intelligence-Led PolicingPolice ReformPolicing (Nigeria) |
Author: Bynum, Timothy Title: Evaluation of a Comprehensive Approach to Reducing Gun Violence in Detroit Summary: Increasingly criminal justice agencies are integrating "data based" approaches into their operational strategies. This "new" model of criminal justice suggests that analysis of data on recent crime and violence incidents can lead to a more focused and targeted effort than previous enforcement efforts. Through such efforts, individuals, groups, and locations that exhibit a high level of gun violence within a limited geographic area are identified and a variety of intervention are then implemented. These interventions typically include both enforcement as well as offender focused interventions. These efforts differ from prior enforcement strategies in that they emphasize the integration of a problem analysis component in which data analysis is used to identify the patterns of gun violence in a small target area and enforcement resources are concentrated in this area. However, this approach also differs from previous "crackdown" enforcement strategies in that there are also community and offender intervention components that are integral to this model. The community component seeks to identify ways in which the community can be involved in working with law enforcement to reduce gun violence in this area. This is often through increased community meetings, and establishing more frequent and effective means of communication between the community and local law enforcement. In addition, the enforcement strategies used in this model are data and intelligence driven. As such they are focused on identifying the most problematic locations, groups and individuals that are most responsible for gun violence in this community. This report documents the implementation and outcomes of the implementation of Project Safe Neighborhoods in one of the jurisdictions in which this model was first implemented. Details: Unpublished report submitted to the U.S. National Institute of Justice, 2014. 69p. Source: Accessed May 5, 2014 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/244866.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/244866.pdf Shelf Number: 132234 Keywords: CollaborationCommunity Crime PreventionGun-Related ViolenceHomicideHot-SpotsIntelligence GatheringIntelligence-Led PolicingProject Safe NeighborhoodsViolent Crime |
Author: Carter, David Title: Understanding Law Enforcement Intelligence Processes Summary: The September 11th attacks impacted society generally, and law enforcement specifically, in dramatic ways. One of the major trends has been changing expectations regarding criminal intelligence practices among state, local, and tribal (SLT) law enforcement agencies, and the need to coordinate intelligence efforts and share information at all levels of government. Despite clear evidence of significant changes, very little research exists that examines issues related to the intelligence practices of SLT law enforcement agencies. Important questions on the nature of the issues that impact SLT intelligence practices remain. While there is some uncertainty among SLT law enforcement about current terrorism threats, there is certainty that these threats evolve in a largely unpredictable pattern. As a result there is an ongoing need for consistent and effective information collection, analysis and sharing. Little information is known about perceptions of how information is being shared between agencies and whether technologies have improved or hurt information sharing, and little is known about whether agencies think they are currently prepared for a terrorist attack, and the key factors distinguishing those that think they are compared to those who do not. This study was designed to address these issues, and a better understanding of these issues could significantly enhance intelligence practices and enhance public safety. To develop a better understanding of perceptions about terrorist threats that SLT agencies face and their efforts to prevent terrorism, the research team distributed questionnaires via a web-designed survey to two separate groups of law enforcement personnel. Development of the survey involved several preliminary drafts. Feedback was sought from SLT intelligence workers about question content and coverage, and specifically whether questions were ambiguous or difficult to answer. After making revisions, the final Institutional Review Board approved instrument had 48 structured, semi-structured, or open-ended questions. The survey, despite its length, enabled respondents to share information about issues such as perceptions of terrorist threats, inter-agency interactions, information sharing, intelligence training, and agency preparedness. Additional questions asked about characteristics of the respondent and the respondent's agency. There are three findings that are quite interesting. First, law enforcement perceptions about what is a serious threat in their community has changed significantly over time. Law enforcement is much more concerned about sovereign citizens, Islamic extremists, and militia/patriot group members compared to the fringe groups of the far right, including Christian Identity believers, reconstructed traditionalists (i.e., Odinists), idiosyncratic sectarians (i.e., survivalists), and members of doomsday cults. In fact, sovereign citizens were the top concern of law enforcement, but the concern about whether most groups were a serious terrorist threat actually declined for most groups (e.g., the KKK; Christian Identity; Neo-Nazis; Racist Skinheads; Extremist Environmentalists; Extreme Animal Rights Extremists). Second, when examining whether the respondents thought that various agencies and sources were useful in their counterterrorism efforts, the agencies that appear to be most useful to SLT law enforcement include state/local fusion centers, the FBI's Joint Terrorism Task Force(s), the FBI, and DHS Office of Intelligence and Analysis. Overall, the internet and the use of open source materials, human intelligence sources, and the media were perceived as providing the most useful information. Security clearances, adequate personnel, adequate training, adequate resources, adequate time, or the organizational culture were all perceived as barriers for the sharing of intelligence and information across agencies. Third, several factors impacted whether an agency was prepared for a terrorist attack. Agencies with satisfied working relationships with state organizations were twice as likely to be prepared, agencies that produce threat assessments and risk assessments more frequently are three-and-a-half times more likely to be prepared than agencies who create them less frequently, and the creation of vulnerability assessments also appears to be a predictor of preparedness as they more than quadruple an agency's preparedness likelihood. In addition, as agencies experience problems related to personnel, training, and resources, the likelihood they will consider themselves prepared is reduced by approximately three-fold. Agencies that felt they were not prepared highlighted problems with resources, training, and quality of working relationships with other organizations. Particularly for practitioners, the most important aspect of this research may not be the findings on the variable analyses, per se, but on the benchmarks identified in trends found in the data. Some clear trends emerged which indicate programmatic successes for information sharing and intelligence, as well as areas where problems remain. When considering these findings in the context of research on organizational development, it is clear that organizational leadership is an important factor for organizational successes in information sharing as well as for preparedness. If the leadership of a law enforcement agency is willing to expend the effort to train personnel, develop partnerships, and participate in state, regional and national information sharing initiatives, then greater levels of success will be achieved. While one would intuitively assume this, the data empirically supports it. Details: College Park, MD: START, 2014. 19p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 9, 2014 at: http://www.start.umd.edu/pubs/START_UnderstandingLawEnforcementIntelligenceProcesses_July2014.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: http://www.start.umd.edu/pubs/START_UnderstandingLawEnforcementIntelligenceProcesses_July2014.pdf Shelf Number: 133952 Keywords: Criminal Intelligence (U.S.)Extremist GroupsIntelligence GatheringIntelligence-Led PolicingLaw EnforcementTerrorism |
Author: Coyne, John William Title: Strategic Intelligence in Law Enforcement: Anticipating Transnational Organised Crime Summary: Law enforcement strategic intelligence theory and practice has developed slowly as a result of intelligence-led policing methodologies and police cultural resistance. The implementation of "intelligence-led policing" - one of the most widely supported police management methodologies - has focused on tactical implementation of intelligence support. As a result, most law enforcement intelligence research, as well as organizational and professional intelligence doctrine, has had a sharp tactical focus which has centred on information collection, collation and sense-making at the street and case level. Since the late 1980s, law enforcement agencies have become increasingly aware that their capabilities have been surpassed by the number of criminal acts and their increasing complexity. This issue has been particularly evident with regards to transnational organized crime (TOC). Organised crime activities and interests have rapidly expanded from being localised, then nationalised, followed by regionalised and finally globalised making the threat that TOC poses to national and regional security significantly greater. This increased threat has been accompanied by an increase in the complexity of TOC structures and activities. Globally law enforcement agencies have experimented with, developed and implemented a range of police management methodologies to move from responsive to proactive paradigms in response to developments in the crime environment - especially TOC. The application of strategic intelligence in law enforcement has been viewed by some justice policy professionals and senior police officers as the means by which decision-making on strategy setting and policy, using incomplete or complex data sets, can be made more objective. In this context intelligence is used to make "sense" of the sheer volume of information now available. This becomes increasingly important in an age where the role of police has morphed from a simplistic response and enforcement activity to one of managing human security risk. The primary research question which guided this thesis was "How can strategic intelligence be used to support law enforcement decision-makers in preventing, detecting, disrupting, and investigating transnational organised crime". This research was underpinned by an interpretivist theoretical perspective. The research methodology allowed for the selection of an explorative approach, using case studies that then permitted the development of a new strategic intelligence framework. The complexity of the variables involved and the selected exploratory approach necessitated the use of multiple data collection methods incorporating a multi-disciplinary theoretical framework. This framework allowed for the use of inductive reasoning in theory development. It also highlighted the need to undertake a comparative approach that utilised historical and archival research, case study analysis and the application of triangulation given its capacity to provide a better understanding of strategic TOC intelligence. The thesis develops a hybrid conceptual model for strategic intelligence in law enforcement, which explains how strategic intelligence interacts and influences police management processes. The research provides an understanding of the impact of strategic intelligence across the range of strategic responses to transnational organised crime and the implications this has for police management and intelligence theory. Details: Brisbane: Queensland University of Technology, School of Justice, 2014. 313p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed July 29, 2015 at: http://eprints.qut.edu.au/71394/2/John_Coyne_Thesis.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Australia URL: http://eprints.qut.edu.au/71394/2/John_Coyne_Thesis.pdf Shelf Number: 136165 Keywords: Intelligence GatheringIntelligence-Led PolicingOrganized CrimePolice Management |
Author: Hashimi, Sadaf Title: "On to the next one:" Using social network data to inform police target prioritization Summary: As part of the portfolio of strategies used to achieve crime reductions, law enforcement agencies routinely establish a list of offenders to be targeted as priorities. Rarely considered, however, is the fact that targets are embedded in larger social networks. These networks are a rich resource to be exploited as they facilitate: 1) efficient prioritization by understanding which offenders have access to more resources in the network, and 2) assessments of the impact of intervention strategies. Drawing from law enforcement data, the personal networks of two mutually connected police targets from a mid-size city in British Columbia, Canada were constructed. Results show that of the 101 associates in their combined network, 50 percent have a crime-affiliated attribute. The network further divides into seven distinct communities, ranging from four to 25 members. Membership to these communities suggests how opportunities, criminal and non-criminal, form and are more likely to occur within one's immediate network of associates as opposed to the larger network. As such, seven key players that have the highest propensity to facilitate crime-like behaviours are identified via a measure of "network capital," and located within the communities for informed target selection. Details: Burnaby, BC: Simon Fraser University, 2015. 104p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed January 12, 2016 at: http://summit.sfu.ca/item/15667 Year: 2015 Country: Canada URL: http://summit.sfu.ca/item/15667 Shelf Number: 137469 Keywords: Communities Deterrence Intelligence-led policing Police Policies and PracticesSocial Network Analysis |
Author: Mastrofski, Stephen D. Title: Receptivity to Police Innovation: A Tale of Two Cities Summary: Innovation is widely thought to be the key to success in police departments, yet police are often conceived as traditional and resistant to the changes that innovation requires. Recent decades have witnessed much interest among police leaders and policy makers in various innovations, ranging from new applications of information technology (intelligence-led policing) to administrative changes (affirmative action) to strategic changes (Compstat and community policing). Despite a number of studies of the impact of such recent innovations, there have been very few investigations of the receptivity of police to innovation. Who is most and least receptive to innovation? What kind of environment for innovation do police departments provide? Which innovations are most and least welcome? In sum, what is the environment for innovation in American municipal police organizations? This Platform Project report describes a preliminary effort to test some popular views about the orientation of the police to innovation. It compares the responses of police officers in two large municipal police agencies, considering how the police feel about their organization's environment to support innovation and about their department's orientation to specific innovations. Below are some propositions that were evaluated by comparing these two police agencies. Details: Washington, DC: National Police Research Platform, National Institute of Justice, 2011. 10p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 2, 2018 at: http://static1.1.sqspcdn.com/static/f/733761/10444481/1296183364910/Receptivity+to+Police+Innovation+A+Tale+of+Two+Cities++FINAL.pdf?token=SeJS91HYZyK7nsfsRL3UNZl4t1o%3D Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://static1.1.sqspcdn.com/static/f/733761/10444481/1296183364910/Receptivity+to+Police+Innovation+A+Tale+of+Two+Cities++FINAL.pdf?token=SeJS91HYZyK7nsfsRL3UNZl4t1o%3D Shelf Number: 150442 Keywords: Intelligence-Led PolicingPolice InnovationPolice ReformPolice Technology |